Indigenous Peoples | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "Indigenous Peoples"

Displaying 196-210 of 308 results

  • Article

    Mi'kmaq

    Mi’kmaq (Mi’kmaw, Micmac or L’nu, “the people” in Mi’kmaq) are Indigenous peoples who are among the original inhabitants in the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. Alternative names for the Mi’kmaq appear in some historical sources and include Gaspesians, Souriquois and Tarrantines. Contemporary Mi’kmaq communities are located predominantly in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, but with a significant presence in Quebec, Newfoundland, Maine and the Boston area. In the 2021 census, 70,640 people claimed Mi’kmaw ancestry. In July 2022, the Mi'kmaq language was recognized as the first language of Nova Scotia.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/d2095d26-3fc3-4bf8-9c58-9860557a7e45.jpg Mi'kmaq

  • Article

    Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk)

    Kanyen'kehà:ka or Kanien'kehá:ka (“People of the Chert”), commonly known as Mohawk by non-Kanyen'kehà:ka, are Indigenous peoples in North America. They are the easternmost member of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, also referred to as the Iroquois or Six Nations Confederacy. In the early years of the 17th century, they resided on the banks of the Mohawk River in what is now upstate New York. They became intensely involved in the fur trade and in the colonial conflicts of the next two centuries. Many had moved to the St. Lawrence River before 1700 and following the American Revolution, the remainder moved to Canada to reside in territories controlled by their ally, Great Britain. Here, the Kanyen'kehà:ka have garnered a reputation of militancy in maintaining their language and culture, and for defending their rights.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6c0023ab-b0fd-42d7-84e8-3ee0b717d091.jpg Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk)

  • Article

    Mohawk of the St Lawrence Valley

    From the late 1660's onwards, several hundred Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) mainly from the Mohawk nation settled in the region of Montréal. Most converted to Catholicism or underwent the process of doing so.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Mohawk of the St Lawrence Valley

  • Article

    Shuta Got'ine (Mountain)

    The Shuta Got'ine are an Indigenous group living on the Mackenzie Mountain slopes down to the Mackenzie River. Historically, various small groups using the eastern slopes of the mountain range have been called Mountain and have traded at all the posts between Fort Liard and Fort Good Hope.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Shuta Got'ine (Mountain)

  • Article

    Mowachaht-Muchalaht

    The Mowachaht and Muchalaht are Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations which formally amalgamated in the 1950s. Together, their territory includes parts of the west coast of Vancouver Island. As of September 2018, the federal government reports the registered population to be 613. Along with other Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council nations, the Mowachaht-Muchalaht are currently in stage four of a six-stage treaty process in British Columbia to attain self-government.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7d6132f3-b886-4d9f-bd87-04918c8b3cd6.jpg Mowachaht-Muchalaht

  • Memory Project Archive

    Claude Petit (Primary Source)

    "And all of a sudden, I was in the army. And I didn’t know what to say. I told my grandma I was just going for the day, she said it was okay. And I come back and I had seven days leave." See below for Mr. Petit's entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/ClaudePetit/9542_original.jpg Claude Petit (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Francis William Godon (Primary Source)

    "If your buddies got hurt during that and the yelling and crying, you couldn’t stop, you had to keep going." See below for Mr. Godon's entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/Godon_Gunner_Tweet.jpg Francis William Godon (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Frank Tomkins (Primary Source)

    In 2012, The Memory Project interviewed Frank Tomkins, a veteran of the Second World War. The following recording (and transcript) is an excerpt from this interview. Tomkins was born in Grouard, Alberta, on 27 February 1927. Born into Poundmaker Cree Band (see also Poundmaker), he joined the Canadian Army in 1945 at the age of 18. Tomkins served as a private on the homefront during the Second World War. Five of his siblings also served in the war, including three as code talkers: brothers Charles and Peter Tomkins and half-brother John Smith. Charles was the subject of a short documentary, Cree Code Talker (2016). In his testimony, Frank Tomkins he tells the story of his brothers’ service as code talkers with the American military, and the role of their Cree (Nehiyawak) language in transmitting critical information during the war. Like Navajo code talkers employed in the Pacific theatre, Cree code talkers developed a system based on the Cree language. The code was an invaluable contribution to Allied military intelligence. See below for Mr. Tomkins' entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/FrankTomkins/13534_original.jpg Frank Tomkins (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Howard Sinclair Anderson (Primary Source)

    Howard Sinclair Anderson was under age when he enlisted in the army after the chief of George Gordon Reserve, a veteran of the First World War, went around looking for volunteers. Anderson became a Lance Corporal in the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps during the Second World War. Discover his story of serving in France after D-Day and the discrimination he faced after returning.Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/HowardSinclairAnderson/2006_original.jpg Howard Sinclair Anderson (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    John Baptist James “John the B” Marchand (Primary Source)

    John “the B” Marchand from Okanagan Reserve #1 was a Bren gunner during the Second World War. He served in the infantry from 1943 to 1945. Learn more about Marchand’s time in the trenches during the Italian Campaign. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/Marchand_Gunner_Tweet.jpg John Baptist James “John the B” Marchand (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Joseph William “Joe” Vicaire (Primary Source)

    Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/JosephWilliamJoeVicaire/4630_original.jpg Joseph William “Joe” Vicaire (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Kenneth McClure Asham (Primary Source)

    See below for Mr. Asham's entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/KennethMcClureAsham/15631_538.jpg Kenneth McClure Asham (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Lawrence Vicaire (Primary Source)

    "It’s hard to forget. In dreams I keep on coming back. Some nights even now, I dream at night. I mean, it’s a long time ago that this war is over. But I still dream sometimes." See below for Mr. Vicaire's entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/LawrenceVicaire/4635_538.jpg Lawrence Vicaire (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Lloyd Hamilton (Primary Source)

    "Boy, you learn all kinds of meals. I still have the cookbooks. I even remember in Korea I had to – the pages were coming apart. I had to take a slat of wood and took two nails and pound it, so it keep these pages together. But they learn all kinds of meals. I know the first thing you learn to cook is shortbread. It was fun" See below for Mr. Hamilton's entire testimony. Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/LloydHamilton/13985_original.jpg Lloyd Hamilton (Primary Source)

  • Memory Project Archive

    Murray MacKenzie “Chief” Whetung (Primary Source)

    Please be advised that Memory Project primary sources may deal with personal testimony that reflect the speaker’s recollections and interpretations of events. Individual testimony does not necessarily reflect the views of the Memory Project and Historica Canada.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/MemoryProject/MurrayMacKenzieChiefWhetung/1185_original.jpg Murray MacKenzie “Chief” Whetung (Primary Source)