Communities & Sociology | The Canadian Encyclopedia

Browse "Communities & Sociology"

Displaying 1321-1335 of 1360 results

  • Article

    Tsetsaut

    The Tsetsaut (also known as the Wetaɬ) were a Dene people who lived inland from the Tlingit (Łingít) along the western coast of British Columbia and Southeastern Alaska. Apart from Nisga’a oral tradition and the linguistic research of anthropologist Franz Boas, who lived among the Tsetsaut in the 1890s, little is known about them. The Tsetsaut were decimated by war and disease in the 1800s, their numbers reduced to just 12 by the end of the century. It was once believed that the last of the Tsetsaut people died in 1927 and that their ancient language was no longer spoken. However, as of 2019, there are approximately 30 people from the Tsetsaut/Skii km Lax Ha Nation identifying as Tsetsaut in British Columbia.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/cce8b2c9-3dd1-46a4-9e5a-8bf2b73404b5.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/cce8b2c9-3dd1-46a4-9e5a-8bf2b73404b5.jpg Tsetsaut

  • Article

    Ts'msyen (Tsimshian)

    Ts’msyen (Tsim-she-yan, meaning “Inside the Skeena River”; sometime spelled Tsimshian or Tsm’syen) is a name that is often broadly applied to Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast. They speak languages of the Ts’msyen language family. In the 2016 census, 2,695 people reported speaking a Ts’msyen language. The largest concentration of Ts’msyen speakers (98.1 per cent) live in British Columbia. In the 2016 census, 5,910 people claimed Ts’msyen ancestry.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/31938a10-8f41-41b1-92bb-8096a3025bf3.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/31938a10-8f41-41b1-92bb-8096a3025bf3.jpg Ts'msyen (Tsimshian)

  • Article

    Tupiq

    Historically, Inuit used a simple tent, known as a tupiq (the plural form is tupiit), while travelling or hunting during the summer months. Today, the traditional tupiq is rarely used (because modern variations have largely replaced it), but some Inuit elders and communities are working to keep the tupiq, and other Inuit traditions, alive. (See also  Architectural History of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.)

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Tupiq/InuitFamilyTupiq1915.JPG" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/Tupiq/InuitFamilyTupiq1915.JPG Tupiq

  • Article

    Turtle Island

    For some Indigenous peoples, Turtle Island refers to the continent of North America. The name comes from various Indigenous oral histories that tell stories of a turtle that holds the world on its back. For some Indigenous peoples, the turtle is therefore considered an icon of life, and the story of Turtle Island consequently speaks to various spiritual and cultural beliefs. This is the full-length entry about Turtle Island. For a plain-language summary, please see Turtle Island (Plain-Language Summary).

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xxl_54953777.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xxl_54953777.jpg Turtle Island

  • Article

    Turtle Island (Plain-Language Summary)

    Turtle Island is another name for North America. The origin of the name comes from the Algonquian-and-Iroquoian-speaking peoples. They are from the Northeastern part of North America. The stories are about a turtle that carries the world on its back. It is a symbol for life, the earth, and Indigenous identity. It also shows a deep appreciation for nature. This article is a plain-language summary of Turtle Island. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see our full-length entry, Turtle Island.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xxl_54953777.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xxl_54953777.jpg Turtle Island (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    Tutchone

    The fluctuating fauna and subarctic climate, with warm summers and very cold winters, required a seminomadic way of life. Families gathered in spring and summer fish camps, at autumn meat camps, and clustered for part of the winter near dried food supplies and at good fish lakes.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7d2699bc-260f-4b3e-b27a-f0d430e23030.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/7d2699bc-260f-4b3e-b27a-f0d430e23030.jpg Tutchone

  • Article

    Two-Spirit

    ​Two-Spirit, a translation of the Anishinaabemowin term niizh manidoowag, refers to a person who embodies both a masculine and feminine spirit. The concept of two-spirit was first introduced by Elder Myra Laramee. Activist Albert McLeod helped develop the term in 1990 to broadly reference Indigenous peoples in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) community. Two-spirit is used by some Indigenous peoples to describe their gender, sexual and spiritual identity. (See also Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights in Canada.)

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ce771970-735f-414b-904a-4d2e0670d563.JPG" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ce771970-735f-414b-904a-4d2e0670d563.JPG Two-Spirit

  • Article

    Uchucklesaht Tribe

    Uchucklesaht is a Nuu-chah-nulth First Nation of west Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island. According to the tribe, there are 299 Uchucklesaht citizens, only three of whom live in the village of Hilthatis.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bef3cc60-b45e-4a19-b10f-b8248f21b21b.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bef3cc60-b45e-4a19-b10f-b8248f21b21b.jpg Uchucklesaht Tribe

  • Article

    Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (Ucluelet) First Nation

    Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (formerly known as Ucluelet, Yuu-tluth-aht and Yu’lu’il’ath) are a Nuu-chah-nulth nation from west Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island. As of October 2021, there were 674 registered members, 446 of whom live off reserve. The Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ, along with several other Nuu-chah-nulth nations, have signed the Maa-nulth treaty, which has provided them with self-governance since April 2011.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b5caad81-4e11-4466-8ae0-d9e61f5f9f5c.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/b5caad81-4e11-4466-8ae0-d9e61f5f9f5c.jpg Yuułuʔiłʔatḥ (Ucluelet) First Nation

  • Article

    Ukrainian Internment in Canada

    Canada’s first national internment operations took place during the First World War, between 1914 and 1920. More than 8,500 men, along with some women and children, were interned by the Canadian government, which acted under the authority of the War Measures Act. Most internees were recent immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian, German and Ottoman empires, and mainly from the western Ukrainian regions of Galicia and Bukovyna. Some were Canadian-born or naturalized British subjects. They were held in 24 receiving stations and internment camps across the country — from Nanaimo, BC, to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Many were used as labour in the country’s frontier wilderness. Personal wealth and property were confiscated and much of it was never returned.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6cfa6f0b-08c0-4ec8-a739-cb994b5c312d.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6cfa6f0b-08c0-4ec8-a739-cb994b5c312d.jpg Ukrainian Internment in Canada

  • Article

    Nunavimiut (Ungava Inuit)

    The term Ungava, meaning "towards the open water," was used to designate the Inuit band established at the mouth of the Arnaud (Payne) River.

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Nunavimiut (Ungava Inuit)

  • Article

    Vancouver Feature: Joe Fortes Saves Lives, Wins Hearts

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. Vancouver’s “Citizen of the Century” was a portly Barbadian-born barman named Joe Fortes. Living in a small cottage near the bandstand in Alexandra Park, Fortes was the first official lifeguard at English Bay beach. He taught hundreds of Vancouverites how to swim.

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Vancouver Feature: Joe Fortes Saves Lives, Wins Hearts

  • Editorial

    Vancouver Feature: Mayor McGeer Reads the Riot Act

    The following article is a feature from our Vancouver Feature series. Past features are not updated. The labour camp strikers who assembled in Victory Square on April 23, 1935 wanted financial assistance from the city. Battered by the Depression and angry at conditions in the camps, the crowd of 2,000 demanded change. Mayor Gerry McGeer gave them an ultimatum instead.

    "https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Vancouver Feature: Mayor McGeer Reads the Riot Act

  • Article

    Veronica Foster

    Veronica Foster Guerrette, Second World War icon, model, vocalist (born 2 January 1922 in Montreal, Quebec; died 4 May 2000 in Toronto, Ontario). Foster worked for the John Inglis Company assembling Bren light machine guns during the Second World War. She was featured on propaganda posters that encouraged women to serve Canada by working in munitions factories. Foster became a Canadian icon representing female workers in the manufacturing industry. After the war, she was lead singer with the dance band Mart Kenney and His Western Gentlemen.

    "https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/VeronicaFoster/Veronica Foster_Bren Gun.jpg" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/VeronicaFoster/Veronica Foster_Bren Gun.jpg Veronica Foster

  • Article

    Viola Léger

    Viola P. Léger, OC, ONB, senator, actor, director, teacher (born 29 June 1930 in Fitchburg, Massachusetts; died 28 January 2023 in Dieppe, NB). Viola Léger served in the Senate from 2001 to 2005. She is perhaps best known for her career as an actor and for her performance as La Sagouine in Antonine Maillet’s play of the same name. Léger performed the role 3,000 times between 1971 and 2016. Widely considered the greatest Acadian actress of all time, she was also a prominent advocate and global ambassador for Acadian people and Acadian culture. She was made a Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de la France and a Member of the Ordre des Francophones d’Amérique. She also received the Governor General’s Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement in theatre.

    "https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9" // resources/views/front/categories/view.blade.php
    https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Viola Léger