Military | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Hawker Hurricane

    The Hawker Hurricane was a combat aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s, designed by the British aircraft manufacturer Hawker Aircraft Ltd. The Hurricane was one of the principal combat aircraft that defended the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain. This fighter plane played a pivotal role in the Second World War, primarily serving with the Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force and Soviet Air Force. The Hurricane was mass-produced, with over 14,000 examples manufactured from 1937 to 1944. The Hurricane was produced in the United Kingdom and in Canada, with 1,451 examples built at the Canadian Car & Foundry plant, which was located in Fort William (now Thunder Bay), Ontario. Hurricane production in Canada lasted from 1938 to 1943 and was overseen by Elsie MacGill, the first woman in Canada to earn a master’s degree in aeronautical engineering. MacGill was popularly known as the “Queen of the Hurricanes” for overseeing the rapid production of the aircraft. At the height of production, the Canadian Car & Foundry plant produced 15 new aircraft each week. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/HawkerHurricane/Hurricane_a063534-v8.jpg Hawker Hurricane
  • Article

    Battle for Hill 70

    The capture of Hill 70 in France was an important Canadian victory during the First World War, and the first major action fought by the Canadian Corps under a Canadian commander. The battle, in August 1917, gave the Allied forces a crucial strategic position overlooking the occupied city of Lens.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/60c335ab-7325-4faf-b25a-e2197d6da9b6.jpg Battle for Hill 70
  • Article

    Hill 70 and Canadian Independence

    Canada’s war of independence was the First World War. Unlike the Americans, our war of independence was not fought against the country from which we became independent, but alongside it. We started the war as a colony of Britain and ended it as an ally. The remarkable performance of the Canadian Corps and its first Canadian commander made these gains in autonomy possible.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/9dd8ed5e-dc70-4b32-a4d8-bbe7a5207248.jpg Hill 70 and Canadian Independence
  • Article

    Hindenburg Line

    Hindenburg Line (Siegfried-Stellung), a system of fortified and entrenched reserve positions stretching 80 km southeast from Arras to Soissons, France, built by the Germans in the winter of 1916-17.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Hindenburg Line
  • Article

    History of the Armed Forces in Canada

    The armed forces are the land, naval and air forces commanded by the federal government for the purpose of defending Canada's security, protecting its citizens, and promoting its strategic interests at home or abroad. The armed forces have evolved since colonial times from small, local militia units to the modern professional military forces of today.

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  • Article

    HMCS Conestoga

    HMCS Conestoga was a basic training establishment for the Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service (WRCNS) during the Second World War. Located in Galt, Ontario, it operated from 1942 to 1945. Of nearly 6,800 women who served in the WRCNS, most trained at Conestoga.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/IsabelMacneill/WRCNS at Conestoga.jpg HMCS Conestoga
  • Article

    HMCS Kootenay Disaster

    ​HMCS Kootenay was a destroyer in the Canadian Navy. In 1969, an accident at sea killed 9 sailors and injured 53 others. It was the worst peacetime disaster in the history of the navy.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ced5f338-fcf3-463a-9627-1da6d7794b5e.jpg HMCS Kootenay Disaster
  • Article

    HMCS Sackville

    HMCS Sackville is the last surviving corvette used by the Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War. The warship was one of 123 Canadian corvettes that escorted supply convoys crossing the North Atlantic during the Battle of the Atlantic, the longest running battle of the war. In 1985, HMCS Sackville was designated Canada’s Naval Memorial.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6ac77be5-a78f-4d5f-9eb2-e35fe40b148e.jpg HMCS Sackville
  • Article

    HMS Shannon

    HMS Shannon was a fully-rigged, 38-gun Leda-class frigate, one of the largest frigates built for the Napoleonic Wars. It had two decks, with the main armaments on the upper deck, and could take on a complement of 330 men.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f5005028-c1cf-45af-89ab-badff7bc77bd.jpg HMS Shannon
  • Article

    HMS Shannon versus USS Chesapeake, War of 1812

    HMS Shannon and the USS Chesapeake fought one of the most celebrated naval battles of the WAR OF 1812. On 1 June 1813, the two ships met 20 nautical miles (37 km) east of Boston lighthouse, between Cape Ann and Cape Cod.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 HMS Shannon versus USS Chesapeake, War of 1812
  • Article

    HMS St Lawrence (British Warship of the War of 1812)

    The HMS St Lawrence was the largest warship ever built on the Great Lakes during the age of sail. During the War of 1812, supply, reinforcement and the movement of troops for attack all depended on the naval control of the lakes.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 HMS St Lawrence (British Warship of the War of 1812)
  • Editorial

    Editorial: Igor Gouzenko Defects to Canada

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated. A knock on the apartment door froze him in his steps. Another knock, louder, more insistent. The knocking turned to pounding. A voice called his name several times. Finally, the pounding stopped, and he heard footsteps going down the stairs. He knew he needed help.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/ef877228-646a-42e0-8096-b939feb24100.jpg Editorial: Igor Gouzenko Defects to Canada
  • Article

    Imperial Munitions Board

    Imperial Munitions Board, established November 1915 in Canada by the British Ministry of Munitions, with Canadian government approval. Headed by J.W. Flavelle, a prominent Toronto businessman, the board was responsible for letting contracts on behalf of the British government for the construction of war materials in Canada. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/6d4e231e-f064-4897-b648-57e415ca7a8c.jpg Imperial Munitions Board
  • Article

    In Flanders Fields

    One of history's most famous wartime poems, "In Flanders Fields" was written during the First World War by Canadian officer and surgeon John McCrae.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/4be09c8b-7a2d-4c49-8972-670e287489aa.jpg In Flanders Fields
  • Article

    In Flanders Fields Music

    In Flanders Fields is a poem which, in various musical settings, has become a traditional part of Remembrance Day services commemorating those killed in the First World War, 11 November 1918, and subsequent conflicts.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 In Flanders Fields Music