Military | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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  • Article

    Navy League of Canada

    The Navy League of Canada is a volunteer organization founded in 1918 under federal charter, but tracing its origins to branches of the British Empire Navy League established in Canada from 1895.

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Navy League of Canada

  • Article

    Niobe Day

    Since 2014, Niobe Day has been celebrated every year on 21 October by the Royal Canadian Navy. It commemorates the entrance of HMCS Niobe, one of Canada’s first two warships, into Halifax Harbour on 21 October 1910. Niobe, which had been purchased from Britain, was the first Canadian warship to enter Canadian territorial waters. Before 2014, the Canadian navy marked Trafalgar Day every 21 October in commemoration of the British victory at the Battle of Trafalgar (1805).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/HMCSNiobe/HMCS Niobe entering Halifax on Trafalgar Day 1910.jpg Niobe Day

  • Article

    No. 8 Company – Canadian Forestry Corps

    No. 8 Company, Canadian Forestry Corps (CFC) was the second Black unit formed in the First World War, after No. 2 Construction Battalion. From November 1918 to March 1919, No. 8 Company improved and repaired airfields and roads in northern Belgium and Germany, providing valuable support to the Royal Air Force (RAF).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/No8CompanyCFC/No8-Co-CFC_WarDiary_Dec1918.jpg No. 8 Company – Canadian Forestry Corps

  • Article

    Nobel Prizes and Canada

    The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually for achievements that have significantly benefitted humankind. The prizes are among the highest international honours and are awarded in six categories: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace, and economics. They are administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by institutions in Sweden and Norway. Eighteen Canadians have won Nobel Prizes, excluding Canadian-born individuals who gave up their citizenship and members of organizations that have won the peace prize.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/dreamstime_xl_127967744.jpg Nobel Prizes and Canada

  • Article

    NORAD

    The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) was a pact made in 1957, at the height of the Cold War. It placed under joint command the air forces of Canada and the United States. Its name was changed in 1981 to the North American Aerospace Defense Command, but it kept the NORAD acronym. Canada and the US renewed NORAD in 2006, making the arrangement permanent. It is subject to review every four years, or at the request of either country. NORAD’s mission was also expanded into maritime warnings. The naval forces of the two countries remain under separate commands.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/efca000f-abb8-4a6f-881e-e39e4ee2882f.jpg NORAD

  • Editorial

    Normandy Landings: Canada on D-Day

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f2e6a0e5-8aad-4a21-86bc-c396e5d2df2e.jpg Normandy Landings: Canada on D-Day

  • Article

    D-Day and the Battle of Normandy

    The 1944 Battle of Normandy — from the D-Day landings on 6 June through to the encirclement of the German army at Falaise on 21 August — was one of the pivotal events of the Second World War and the scene of some of Canada's greatest feats of arms. Canadian sailors, soldiers and airmen played a critical role in the Allied invasion of Normandy, also called Operation Overlord, beginning the bloody campaign to liberate Western Europe from Nazi occupation. Nearly 150,000 Allied troops landed or parachuted into the invasion area on D-Day, including 14,000 Canadians at Juno Beach. The Royal Canadian Navy contributed 124 vessels and 10,000 sailors and the Royal Canadian Air Force contributed 39 squadrons to the operation. Total Allied casualties on D-Day reached more than 10,000, including 1,096 Canadians, of whom 381 were killed in action. By the end of the Battle of Normandy, the Allies had suffered 209,000 casualties, including more than 18,700 Canadians. Over 5,000 Canadian soldiers died. (This is the full-length entry about D-Day and the Battle of Normandy. For a plain-language summary, please see D-Day and the Battle of Normandy (Plain-Language Summary).)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/bb05eb99-e533-4e8d-aafe-6ae70bdbf472.jpg D-Day and the Battle of Normandy

  • Article

    Normandy Massacres

    One of the worst war crimes in Canadian history occurred in June, 1944, during the Battle of Normandy, following the D-Day landings of the Second World War. As many as 156 Canadian soldiers, taken prisoner by German forces, were executed by their captors during various incidents in the Normandy countryside.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/f6f8902f-029b-4666-8ab3-5ccd0711dda3.jpg Normandy Massacres

  • Article

    North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment

    The North Shore (NB) Regiment (NS(NB)R) is a bilingual, primary reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Army. It is part of the 5th Canadian Division, 37th Canadian Brigade Group. The regimental headquarters is located in Bathurst, New Brunswick. Regimental battle honours include Passchendaele, Ypres 1917 and Hill 70 (First World War); the Normandy Landing and the Battle of the Scheldt (Second World War).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/NorthShoreRegt/NS(NB)R Badge.jpg North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment

  • Article

    October Crisis

    The October Crisis refers to a chain of events that took place in Quebec in the fall of 1970. The crisis was the culmination of a long series of terrorist attacks perpetrated by the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a militant Quebec independence movement, between 1963 and 1970. On 5 October 1970, the FLQ kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross in Montreal. Within the next two weeks, FLQ members also kidnapped and killed Quebec Minister of Immigration and Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte. Quebec premier Robert Bourassa and Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau called for federal help to deal with the crisis. In response, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau deployed the Armed Forces and invoked the War Measures Act — the only time it has been applied during peacetime in Canadian history. 

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/c8a1d56b-60f5-40b0-86e2-3ce31bc3e7b0.jpg October Crisis

  • Article

    October Crisis (Plain-Language Summary)

    The October Crisis happened in the fall of 1970. It was sparked by the Front de liberation du Québec (FLQ). The FLQ used terrorist tactics to try and make Quebec independent from Canada. On 5 October, the FLQ kidnapped James Cross, a British trade commissioner. The FLQ also kidnapped Quebec cabinet minister Pierre Laporte. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act. The Act had never been used before during peacetime. It suspended civil liberties and led to hundreds of arrests. Laporte was murdered and found on 17 October. Cross was freed on 3 December. The crisis ended on 28 December, when Laporte’s killers were captured. (This article is a plain-language summary of the October Crisis. If you are interested in reading about this topic in more depth, please see the full-length entry.)

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/PA-129838-curious-children.jpg October Crisis (Plain-Language Summary)

  • Article

    Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis)

    The Kanesatake Resistance, also known as the Oka Crisis or the Mohawk Resistance at Kanesatake, was a 78-day standoff (11 July–26 September 1990) between Kanyen'kehà:ka (Mohawk) protesters, Quebec police, the RCMP and the Canadian Army. It took place in the community of Kanesatake, near the Town of Oka, on the north shore of Montreal. Related protests and violence occurred in the Kahnawake reserve, to the south of Montreal. The crisis was sparked by the proposed expansion of a golf course and the development of townhouses on disputed land in Kanesatake that included a Kanyen'kehà:ka burial ground. Tensions were high, particularly after the death of Corporal Marcel Lemay, a Sûreté du Québec police officer. Eventually, the army was called in and the protest ended. The golf course expansion was cancelled, and the land was purchased by the federal government. However, it did not establish the land as a reserve, and there has since been no organized transfer of the land to the Mohawks of Kanesatake. This is the full-length entry about Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis). For a plain-language summary, please see Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis)(Plain-Language Summary).

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/OkaCrisis/1990_C_35_7 (003).jpg Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis)

  • Editorial

    Canadian Soldiers and the Liberation of the Netherlands

    In the final months of the Second World War, Canadians were tasked with liberating the Netherlands from Nazi occupation. In April 1945, the First Canadian Army began clearing the northern and western Netherlands, where many had suffered from food and fuel shortages in what became known as the “Hunger Winter.” Over 1,000 Canadian servicemen died in April 1945 during the last push to liberate the country. The Dutch people greeted their Canadian liberators with cheers and gratitude and continue to honour their sacrifice today.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/new_article_images/LiberationNetherlands/Tank in Putten.jpg Canadian Soldiers and the Liberation of the Netherlands

  • Editorial

    Canadian Soldiers and the Battle of Ortona

    The following article is an editorial written by The Canadian Encyclopedia staff. Editorials are not usually updated.

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    https://d3d0lqu00lnqvz.cloudfront.net/media/media/599599a1-a339-4bd7-84d5-6bf2c1238122.jpg Canadian Soldiers and the Battle of Ortona

  • Macleans

    Ottawa Purchases New Helicopters

    Cpl. Mark Gibeault missed the big news conference. Many of his colleagues gathered around TVs last week at the Comox, B.C., armed forces base to applaud Defence Minister Arthur Eggleton's long-awaited announcement that Canada would buy 15 new search-and-rescue helicopters.This article was originally published in Maclean's Magazine on January 19, 1998

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    https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/images/tce_placeholder.jpg?v=e9dca980c9bdb3aa11e832e7ea94f5d9 Ottawa Purchases New Helicopters